Concrete foaming agent is an additive that can reduce the surface tension of the liquid and generate a large amount of uniform and stable foam by physical methods after being dissolved in water.

Surfactant, also called surface-active agent, is a substance, such as a detergent, which, when added to a liquid, reduces the surface tension and thereby improves the spreadability and wettability of a surfactant. In dyeing textiles, surfactants help the dye to permeate the fabric evenly. They are used to disperse water-based suspensions of insoluble dyes and spices.

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice nanostructure.

An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements, at least one of which is metal.

The MAX phase material is a natural layered carbonitride inorganic non-metallic material composed of three elements. It has the electrical and thermal conductivity of metal, and also has the high strength, high temperature resistance.

Zinc stearate is an organic substance with the chemical formula C36H70O4Zn, which is a white powder and insoluble in water. Soluble in hot ethanol, benzene, toluene, turpentine and other organic solvents

Copper is the earliest discovered chemical element. Its chemical symbol is Cu, atomic number is 29, and atomic weight is 63.546 U.

Tungsten telluride (WTe2) is an inorganic semi-metallic compound.