Tungsten disulfide and tungsten diselenide are both typical compounds of rare metal tungsten and are inorganic compounds composed of transition metal elements (tungsten) and oxygen group elements. they have good physical, chemical and thermal properties and are widely used in the field of optoelectronics.

However, there are still great differences between the two in terms of specific concepts, nature and uses.

Note: sulfur and selenium both belong to group Ⅵ An elements and oxygen group elements.

Definition:

Tungsten disulfide is a kind of two-dimensional transition metal layered material, which is a blue-gray fine grain or powder with metallic luster composed of tungsten and sulfur elements. it is the main component of pyroxene. Tungsten disulfide formula is WS2.

Tungsten diselenide is a kind of layered material composed of tungsten and selenium, which is a black or gray solid powder composed of positive tetravalent tungsten ion (W4 +) and negative divalent selenium ion (Se2-). It is a kind of porous material (or thermal insulator) with low thermal conductivity. Tungsten diselenide formula is WSe2.

Structure:

The structure of WS2 is hexagonal layered structure, with a hexagonal network formed by S-W-S molecular clusters on the surface, connected by van der Waals force between the layers, and linked by Wmuri S covalent bond within the layer.

The structure of WSe2 is hexagonal, one tungsten atom and six selenium atoms are bonded by a prism, each selenium atom is a pyramidal configuration and three tungsten bonds, and the layers are combined by van der Waals force.

Properties:

Tungsten disulfide melting point is about 1250℃. Tungsten disulfide density is about 7.6g/cm3, and its friction coefficient is 0.03-0.07. Insoluble in water, non-magnetic, non-conductive, good semiconductivity, excellent lubrication and wear resistance, good thermochemical stability, good lithium storage properties, excellent diamagnetism, oxidation and reducibility.

The appearance of WSe2 is black or gray powder. Tungsten diselenide density is about 9.32g/cm3, the thermal conductivity is poor (the thermal conductivity is 1/100000 of that of diamond), the band gap is between wide gap semiconductor and zero band gap graphene, and has excellent electrical and optical properties and high quantum yield.

Production process:

The common production methods of WS2 are roasting decomposition and direct synthesis. Among them, the roasting decomposition method refers to the process that ammonium tetrathiotungstate (NH4) 2WS4 is decomposed into WS3 and WS2 successively after high temperature roasting.

The preparation steps of WSe2 are as follows: tungsten films of different thickness are deposited on the substrate by magnetron sputtering, and some of the tungsten films are annealed; then the annealed and unannealed tungsten films and selenium powder are heated in a vacuum quartz tube and selenized.

Application:

Both of them can be used in the fields of lubrication, energy storage battery, semiconductor and photovoltaic, and can be used as additives for lubricants, modifiers for cathode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries, transistors, etc.

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What is magnesium stearate?

Magnesium stearate is a simple salt composed of two common nutrients, mineral magnesium and saturated fatty stearic acid. It is produced by combining magnesium with stearic acid by high temperature process.

In the production of many nutritional supplements and medicines, it is used as a flow agent, lubricant, binder or anti-caking agent.

Why do supplements have magnesium stearate?

Magnesium stearate is found in many supplements because it makes it easier to use certain ingredients to make them flow more evenly and prevent them and tablets from sticking to the machine during production. The amount used in supplements is very small, usually accounting for less than 1%-less than 20 mg of the total formula. If it is in the product, you will see it in the "other ingredients" section of the supplement label.

Magnesium stearate sources

Stearic acid comes from animal or plant sources.

Vegetarian sources of magnesium stearate include palm oil, coconut oil and vegetable oil.

Would magnesium stearate raise cholesterol levels?

People worry that stearic acid in magnesium stearate will raise cholesterol levels because stearic acid is a kind of saturated fat. This should not be a problem because even normal dietary intake of stearic acid has been shown to have no significant effect on total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. In addition, the stearic acid content of magnesium stearate in the supplement is very small. According to the USDA nutrition survey, American adults consume an average of 5900 to 8800 milligrams of stearic acid a day, usually from food sources such as beef, poultry, cocoa butter, milk and cheese. A chocolate bar contains about 5000 milligrams of stearic acid. At the same time, the content of stearic acid in magnesium stearate in dietary supplements is generally less than 20 mg.

Would magnesium stearate suppress the immune system?

This seems to be based on laboratory studies of mouse immune cells that show that large amounts of stearic acid can damage the cell membrane of T lymphocytes. However, these laboratory conditions do not mean what happens to you when you eat a normal amount of stearic acid, let alone a smaller amount of magnesium stearate. A small amount of magnesium stearate in supplements is highly unlikely to cause immunosuppression, and this effect has not been reported.

Would magnesium stearate affect nutrition and drug absorption?

Information indicates that although magnesium stearate may affect the dissolution of tablets in some cases, it does not affect the overall bioavailability of drugs or supplements.

Magnesium stearate Price

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Molybdenum disilicide formula is MoSi2. Molybdenum disilicide is a kind of molybdenum silicon compound, and it is also known as molybdenum silicide. Molybdenum disilicide molecular weight is 154.13.

Because the radius of the two atoms is not much different, and the electronegativity is relatively close, it has similar characteristics to metals and ceramics. The melting point is as high as 2030 ℃ and has electrical conductivity, which can form a passivation layer of silicon dioxide on the surface to prevent further oxidation at high temperature. Its appearance is gray metal color, which is derived from its square α-shaped crystal structure. it also has a hexagonal but unstable modified crystal structure. Insoluble in most acids, but soluble in nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.

What is molybdenum disilicide used for?

Molybdenum disilicide is used in high temperature anti-oxidation coating materials, electric heating elements, integrated electrode films, structural materials, composite reinforcement materials, wear-resistant materials, structural ceramic bonding materials and other fields.

Energy chemical industry: electric heating elements, high temperature heat exchangers for atomic reactor devices, gas burners, high temperature thermocouples and their protective tubes, melting container crucibles (for smelting sodium, lithium, lead, bismuth, tin and other metals).

Microelectronics industry: MoSi2 and other refractory metal silicide Ti5Si3,WSi2,TaSi2 are important candidates for gate and interconnection films in large-scale integrated circuits.

Aerospace industry: as a high-temperature antioxidant coating, especially as a material for turbine engine components, such as blades, impellers, burners, tail nozzles and seals.

Automotive industry: turbocharger rotors, valve bodies, spark plugs and engine parts for automotive turbine engines.

What is MoSi2 heating element?

MoSi2 heating element is a kind of high-density material, which is composed of molybdenum disilicide and silica self-formed glaze. It can be used at the furnace temperature of 1800 ℃. These components have a long service life.

MoSi2 heating element is a special material, which has the best properties of ceramic and metal materials. It is as resistant to corrosion and oxidation as ceramic materials and has a low thermal expansion rate. Like metal materials, it also has good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Thermal shock has no effect on the element, as a heating element, because of its strength, it can withstand many years of service.

MoSi2 resistivity increases with temperature. When connected to a constant voltage, the element obtains high power at a lower temperature, and the power decreases gradually with the increase of temperature, thus shortening the time for the furnace to reach the working temperature. However, with the decrease of the power of the element, the possibility of overheating is also reduced.

MoSi2 heating element resistance will not age even if exposed to high temperature during operation.

In addition, MoSi2 has very high chemical resistance, so it can be used in most furnace atmospheres. The most favorable conditions for MoSi2 are oxidation atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, air and water vapor. However, MoSi2 elements also tend to operate well in carburizing, reduction, and neutral atmosphere.

Molybdenum disilicide Price

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There are three forms of natural graphite: amorphous graphite, flake graphite and crystalline vein graphite. They have their own unique characteristics, which make them very suitable for some applications.

What is amorphous graphite?

Amorphous graphite is usually formed by contact metamorphism between anthracite coal seam and modifiers (such as tectonic stress, magma, etc.). The result is microcrystalline graphite, often referred to as amorphous graphite. Amorphous graphite is the lowest grade but the most abundant among the three kinds of natural graphite. It accounts for about half of the global supply of natural graphite.

In a few cases, if larger modifiers come into contact with anthracite coal seams, regional metamorphism will lead to amorphous graphite. However, this regional metamorphism is not common and a single joint of graphite is usually found.

Because amorphous graphite is made from anthracite coal seam metamorphism, graphite itself is a kind of coal seam mineral (not vein mineral).

As a kind of joint mineral, the ash content of amorphous graphite is often higher than that of other kinds of natural graphite. This is the result of the deposition of other organic matter when the modifier interacts with anthracite. After all, the coal production environment is often rich in organic matter. In addition, the graphite material may be free or mechanically attached to quartz or other materials.

The addition of organic materials makes amorphous graphite the least of the three kinds of natural graphite. Its crystallinity is relatively poor and usually shows a graphite content of 20% to 40% after mining. In contrast, other forms of natural graphite can have up to 90% graphite content.

Although all the natural graphite must be processed before use, amorphous graphite must be processed most extensively because of its low graphite content.

What is amorphous graphite used for?

Its high heat resistance makes the mineral easy to manufacture and is commonly used in crucibles, moulds, ladles, grooves and nozzles. Even the electrodes in many metallurgical furnaces and the lining of ferrous furnaces are made of amorphous graphite.

In iron and steel production, amorphous graphite can be added as a carburizer to improve strength and durability.

In other industries, amorphous graphite is used to make brake pads, clutch materials, washers and pencil leads. Pencil leads are usually made of the lowest quality amorphous graphite, and this special use is mainly found in China.

What is flake graphite?

Natural flake graphite is formed when carbon materials are subjected to high pressure and high temperature. Carbon source materials can be organic or inorganic, although most flakes of graphite from commercial sources come from organic deposits. The required pressure is usually greater than 1 Gipascal (75000 psi) and the required temperature is usually higher than 750C (1380 F).

Because natural flake graphite is formed when carbon deposits are subjected to pressure and temperature, graphite is most common in metamorphic rocks, and the sediments are evenly distributed throughout the rocks. Graphite has large flakes, medium flakes and fine flakes.

Depending on the use, the purity and / or size of natural flake graphite may be more important. The spherical industry needs flake graphite with large size and high purity, while the refractory industry mainly focuses on flake size.

What is flake graphite used for?

Although the spherical and refractory industries need natural flake graphite, the biggest buyer of this natural graphite is the automotive industry. Specifically, manufacturers of electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles have seen a significant increase in demand for flake graphite over the past few years.

Almost all environmentally friendly cars or trucks need flake graphite to run. Graphite is a key component of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, and it also exists in fuel cells. In fact, fuel cells need more flake graphite than lithium-ion batteries.

Flake graphite is also used in vanadium redox batteries and nuclear reactors. Vanadium redox battery uses the chemical properties of vanadium and graphite to store excess energy reliably for a long time. The nuclear reactor wraps the uranium in large graphite balls.

What is vein graphite?

Crystal vein graphite is also called crystal vein, Sri Lankan graphite, Ceylon graphite, graphite. The names of Sri Lanka and Ceylon come from the areas where the graphite is mined. It is procured and processed only in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), although this form of natural graphite is also found in the United Kingdom and the United States.

The exact formation of vein graphite is uncertain, but it is suspected that graphite is a natural pyrolytic graphite. If it is deposited directly from the fluid phase, as this theory suggests, it will explain the graphite veins found in ore and rock.

Generally speaking, solid graphite carbon may be deposited when high-temperature fluids flow. Once the fluid cools, the graphite carbon forms a graphite flow or vein in the surrounding rock. Carbon-rich gases may react with high-temperature fluids to form deposited graphite solids, or they may be absorbed as the fluid flows.

This formation helps to form a macro shape, just like a small needle perpendicular to the wall of the vein. The veins of this natural graphite can range from a few centimeters to two meters thick. At the time of purchase, the size of graphite ranges from fine to 5 micron powders to lumps up to 8 cm in diameter.

In many ways, vein graphite is the best quality natural graphite. Its graphite content can be between 94% and 99%, and the purest sample comes from the middle of the vein. Compared with other types of natural graphite, it also has higher thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and higher cohesion integrity. These properties may be attributed to its needle-like structure.

What is crystal vein graphite used for?

Veined graphite can be potentially used in any situation suitable for natural flake graphite, but the performance of veined graphite is slightly better. It is commonly used in automotive applications, such as high-performance clutches and brakes.

Where can I buy graphite powder?

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What are the advantages of SiC?

The combination of silicon and carbon gives silicon carbide excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal properties, including:

High thermal conductivity.

Low thermal expansion and excellent thermal shock resistance.

Low power and switching loss.

High energy efficiency.

High operating frequency and temperature (operating temperature up to 200 °C junction).

Small chip size (with the same breakdown voltage).

Intrinsic volume diode (MOSFET device).

Excellent thermal management to reduce cooling requirements.

Long life.

How is SiC used in the electronic field?

Silicon carbide is a semiconductor very suitable for electric power applications, which is first of all due to its ability to withstand high voltage, which is ten times higher than silicon. Silicon carbide-based semiconductors have higher thermal conductivity, higher electron mobility and lower power loss. Silicon carbide diodes and transistors can also operate at higher frequencies and temperatures without affecting reliability. The main applications of SiC devices, such as Schottky diodes and FET/MOSFET transistors, include converters, inverters, power supplies, battery chargers and motor control systems.

SiC vs. Si

Although it is the most widely used semiconductor in electronic products, silicon begins to show some limitations, especially in high-power applications. A relevant factor in these applications is the band gap or band gap provided by semiconductors. When the band gap is high, the electronic devices it uses can be smaller, faster and more reliable. It can also operate at higher temperatures, voltages and frequencies than other semiconductors. Although the band gap of silicon is about 1.12eV, the band gap of silicon carbide is about three times that of 3.26eV.

Why can SiC withstand such a high voltage?

Power devices, especially MOSFET, must be able to handle extremely high voltages. Because the dielectric breakdown strength of the electric field is about ten times that of silicon, SiC can achieve a very high breakdown voltage, from 600V to thousands of volts. SiC can use a higher doping concentration than silicon, and the drift layer can be made very thin. The thinner the drift layer is, the lower the resistance is. In theory, given a high voltage, the resistance per unit area of the drift layer can be reduced to 1 inch 300 of silicon.

Why is the performance of SiC better than IGBT at high frequency?

In high-power applications, IGBT and bipolar transistors were mainly used in the past to reduce the on-resistance at high breakdown voltage. However these devices provide significant switching loss resulting in heating problems that limit their use at high frequencies. With SiC, devices with high voltage, low on-resistance and fast operation, such as Schottky barrier diodes and MOSFET, can be manufactured.

Silicon carbide SiC price

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Where can I get silicon carbide?

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What is aluminum oxide ceramic?

Aluminum oxide ceramic, also known as alumina ceramic or aluminum oxide Al2O3 is an industrial oxide ceramic, which is famous for its high hardness and high thermal conductivity. The characteristics of aluminum oxide ceramics make it one of the most widely used ceramics in structure, wear and corrosion environment.

Aluminum oxide ceramics are usually made of bauxite and can be formed by injection molding, molding, isostatic pressing, grouting, diamond processing and extrusion. Like aluminum nitride and other important engineering materials, aluminum oxide can be produced by dry pressing and sintering or hot pressing with appropriate sintering aids.

Aluminum oxide-based ceramics is one of the most advanced ceramic materials known to be studied and characterized. Because of the important combination of attributes, their behavior has been thoroughly studied. Aluminum oxide is characterized by high hardness, corrosion resistance, good thermal stability, good dielectric properties (used for frequency conversion from DC to GHz), low loss tangent and stiffness.

Aluminum oxide ceramics Properties:

According to Al2O3 content, aluminum oxide can be divided into 75% aluminum oxide, 85% aluminum oxide, 95% aluminum oxide, 99% aluminum oxide and so on.

According to the crystal phase, there are mullite, corundum-mullite, corundum.

According to the types of additives used, there are chromium corundum, titanium corundum and so on.

Aluminum oxide is an excellent electrical insulator, which can resist extremely high current, and its electrical resistance increases with the increase of its purity. The higher the purity of aluminum oxide is, the higher the resistance is.

Aluminum oxide has a very high melting point and strong mechanical strength. However, when the temperature exceeds 1000 degrees Celsius, its mechanical strength decreases. Because of its great difference in thermal expansion coefficient, its thermal shock resistance is not very effective when exposed to very high temperatures.

The excellent chemical stability of aluminum oxide is the main reason for its high corrosion resistance.

Aluminum oxide is also slightly soluble in strong acids (such as hot sulfuric acid and hot HCl and HF) and alkaline solutions, but insoluble in water. Pure aluminum oxide can resist chemical corrosion, which makes pure aluminum oxide become the main choice of engineering components in many industrial applications. Its resistance to chemical corrosion has been proved to be due to its low solubility in these chemicals.

The introduction of additives can enhance the physical and chemical properties of aluminum oxide. These additives combined with different production processes can help to produce aluminum oxide ceramics of different sizes and shapes.

Aluminum oxide ceramics have the lowest steam and decomposition pressure.

Aluminum oxide uses:

Aluminum oxide ceramics are widely used in acid-resistant pump impellers, pump bodies, acid-carrying pipe linings and valves because of their excellent chemical stability.

Aluminum oxide ceramics are used in the manufacture of textile wear-resistant parts and cutting tools. This is due to their high hardness and wear resistance.

Aluminum oxide ceramic materials are used to make spark plugs and can be used in all kinds of engines.

Transparent aluminum oxide ceramics are used to make high pressure sodium lamp and infrared detection window materials.

Aluminum oxide ceramics with aluminum oxide content higher than 95% can be used as excellent electrical insulators. They also have low dielectric loss and are widely used in electronics and electrical appliances.

Transparent aluminum oxide shows good permeability to visible light and infrared light.

Other important applications of aluminum oxide ceramics can be found in sealing rings, medical prosthetics, laser tubes, thermocouple tubes, electronic substrates, bulletproof armor, electrical insulators, grinding media and wear parts.

Aluminum oxide Price

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Ceramic materials used in engineering applications can be divided into traditional ceramics and special ceramics.

The main raw materials of traditional ceramics are clay (Al2O3·2SiO2·H2O), quartz (SiO2) and feldspar (K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2).

Special ceramic is also called modern ceramic, or advanced ceramic. According to different uses, it can be divided into structural ceramics and functional ceramics, such as piezoelectric ceramics, magnetic ceramics, capacitor ceramics, high temperature ceramics and so on.

High-temperature ceramics include oxide ceramics, carbide ceramics, boride ceramics and nitride ceramics.

Oxide ceramics:

Oxide ceramics properties:

The melting point is mostly above 2000 ℃ and the firing temperature is about 1800 ℃. At the firing temperature, the oxide particles are sintered rapidly, and the solid surface reaction occurs between the particles, resulting in the formation of large ceramic crystals (single phase), or a small amount of gas is produced.

The strength of oxide ceramics decreases with the increase of temperature, but keeps high strength below 1000 ℃, and changes little with temperature.

Pure oxidized ceramics are good structural materials for high temperature fire resistance, and ceramics will not produce oxidation under any circumstances.

Oxide ceramics include:

Alumina ceramics Al2O3

The structure of alumina is that O is closely arranged in hexagonal structure and Al occupies the interstitial position. There is very little pure alumina in nature. Depending on the amount of impurities, alumina can be red or blue. In actual production, the Al2O3 content of alumina ceramics can be divided into 75,95,99 and other kinds of porcelain.

The melting point of alumina is as high as 2050 ℃, and it has good oxidation resistance and high hardness, and the hardness of microcrystalline corundum red can reach 1200 ℃. Commonly used in the manufacture of metal wire drawing dies and cutting quenched steel tools.

Zirconia ceramics

The melting point of zirconia ceramics is above 2700 ℃ and can withstand the high temperature of 2300 ℃. The recommended temperature is 2000 ℃ ~ 2200 ℃. Therefore, it can be used as reactor insulation material. Zirconia as an additive can greatly improve the strength and toughness of ceramics and produce zirconia toughened ceramics (PSZ).

Zirconia toughened ceramics have multiphase structure and can have three different crystal structures at different temperatures and pressures, so that stress can induce phase transformation and phase transformation toughening under suitable conditions, and greatly improve the fracture toughness. Zirconia toughened alumina ceramic material has a strength of 1200 MPa and a fracture toughness of 15MPa m.

Zirconia toughened ceramics have the properties to meet the requirements of hot extrusion die, and have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, especially under high temperature and pressure and small permanent deformation. it is more suitable for hot extrusion die than tungsten carbide, nickel-based or cobalt-based cemented carbide.

The hardness of zirconia toughened ceramics is higher than that of metals, its toughness is higher than that of ordinary ceramics, and it has high chemical stability and resistance to high temperature at least 800 ℃. The temperature of the metal powder extrusion die can reach 600 ℃, and the copper rod extrusion die works at 950 ℃. The service life of the die made of zirconia toughened ceramic is tens of times longer than that of the cemented carbide die. The bending strength of PSZ containing magnesia can reach 400 MPa.

The disadvantages of zirconia toughened ceramics are non-ductility, low thermal conductivity and mismatch between thermal expansion and metal materials, which should be considered in design and use. Zirconia and its excellent performance in the production of wire drawing die, drawing die, etc., are often used in the process of deep drawing stainless steel.

Carbide ceramics:

Carbide ceramics include silicon carbide, boron carbide, cerium carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide and so on. This kind of carbide has high melting point, hardness and wear resistance, but poor high temperature oxidation resistance (about 900C ~ 1000 ℃) and high brittleness.

It is mainly used as high temperature material or high power material in chemical industry, automobile industry, nuclear industry, microelectronics industry, laser and other fields. In mold manufacturing, it is often used in wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant wire drawing die, forming die, hot die-casting die, honeycomb ceramic mold and so on.

Carbide Ceramics Properties:

Carbide ceramics have high melting point. For example, the melting point of titanium carbide is 3460 ℃, that of tungsten carbide is 2720 ℃, and that of zirconium carbide is 3540 ℃.

The hardness of carbide ceramics is higher. For example, boron carbide is the hardest material after diamond and cubic boron nitride.

Good thermal conductivity and chemical stability. Carbide ceramics do not react with acid, individual metal carbide ceramics do not react with acid even if heated, and the most stable carbide ceramics are not even corroded by the mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.

Carbide ceramics include:

Silicon carbide ceramics

The density of silicon carbide ceramics is 3.2 × 10 kg/m3, the bending strength is 200 ℃ 250 MPa, the compressive strength is (1000 ℃)1500 MPa, the hardness is 9.2, the thermal conductivity is very high, the thermal expansion coefficient is very small, and it is slowly oxidized at 900C ~ 1300 ℃.

Boron carbide ceramics

Boron carbide ceramics have high hardness and strong abrasive wear resistance, and their melting point is up to 2450 ℃. It will oxidize quickly at high temperature and react with hot or molten ferrous metals. Mainly used as abrasives, sometimes used in the manufacture of super-hard tool materials.

Boride ceramics

Properties of boride ceramics

Excellent high temperature characteristics. The melting point range is 1800 ℃ ~ 2500 ℃. It has high high temperature oxidation resistance and the service temperature is up to 1400 ℃. At the high temperature of 800 ℃, the bending strength almost does not decrease, and the decrease of hardness with the increase of temperature is smaller than that of other materials.

With high toughness. At room temperature, the fracture toughness KIC reaches 30 MN/m work, which is 6-8 times that of the representative engineering ceramic silicon carbide. When the grain size of B4C is refined to 5 μ m, the strength is 500 to 600 MPa, and when the grain size is less than 1 μ m, the strength is more than 1000 MPa.

High hardness and good wear resistance. The hardness is about 1000 HV and has high shear modulus. Chemical erosion resistance, difficult to volatilize, but poor high temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.

It is widely used in nuclear industry, aerospace and other fields. It is mainly used for high temperature bearings, internal combustion engine nozzles, various high temperature devices, devices dealing with molten non-ferrous metals, electrical contact materials, wear-resistant materials and tool materials, etc. In mold manufacturing, it is often used to manufacture mold structural components, heat-resistant components and so on.

Boride ceramics include:

Zirconium boride ceramics made of zirconium diboride (ZrB2), titanium diboride (TiB2), lanthanum hexboride (LaB6), titanium boride, chromium boride, molybdenum boride and tungsten boride, etc.

Nitride ceramics.

Properties of nitride ceramics:

The trisilicon tetra-nitride ceramic has the best anti-oxidation ability, starts active oxidation at 1400 ℃, and has good chemical corrosion resistance. Some also have special mechanical, dielectric or thermal conductivity.

Sintering is difficult. First, high quality powder raw materials are produced, and then ceramic products are made by nitriding reaction sintering, hot pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering and so on.

Nitride ceramics include:

Silicon tetra-nitride (Si3N4), boron nitride (BN), aluminum nitride (AlN), etc.

Advanced ceramics Supplier

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Aluminum nitride AIN is famous for its high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation. It is a common ceramic material, which is used in all kinds of electrical equipment. In addition to the coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical insulation, aluminum nitride ceramics can resist the erosion of most molten metals, such as copper, lithium and aluminum.

What is aluminum nitride?

Aluminum nitride is a kind of non-oxide ceramic material which is basically composed of aluminum and nitrogen (Al-65.81%, N-34.19). The chemical formula is AlN. It is a solid nitride of aluminum with high thermal conductivity of up to 321 W and can be used as an excellent electrical insulator. The band gap of wurtzite phase of aluminum nitride is about 6 eV at room temperature. Because of these properties, this ceramic has been proved to be suitable for many applications, such as optoelectronics working at deep ultraviolet frequencies.

Aluminum nitride was first synthesized by F. Briegleb and A. Geuther in 1862. Ceramic materials mainly exist in the crystal structure of hexagonal wurtzite. However, it can also be used in metastable cubic sphalerite phase, which is mainly synthesized into thin films. It is predicted that the cubic phase of AlN can actually exhibit superconductivity under high pressure.

The polycrystalline structure of aluminum nitride (AlN) has high thermal conductivity, so it has electrical insulation properties. In terms of density, aluminum nitride is a covalent bond compound with a theoretical density of 3.26g/cm3.

Aluminum nitride ceramics properties

High thermal conductivity (above 170W/mK). This is close to the values of BeO and SiC and is more than five times that of alumina (Al2O3).

Its thermal expansion coefficient is 4.5 * 10-6 ℃, which is the same as that of silicon (3.5-4 * 10-6 ℃).

It has good light transmission characteristics.

It's not toxic.

It has good electrical conductivity. The electrical properties of aluminum nitride include its dielectric constant, dielectric loss, bulk resistivity and dielectric strength-all of which make it an excellent insulating material.

Good mechanical properties: the mechanical properties of aluminum is also the reason why it is widely used in the industrial process. It has higher bending strength than alumina (Al2O3) and beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramics.

Where are aluminum nitride ceramics used?

Aluminum nitride ceramics are widely used because of their good properties, including high thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant and dielectric loss, high insulation strength and remarkable plasma corrosion resistance.

Chip cooling and support.

Application of AlN Ceramic substrate (Ceramic Tray) in Semiconductor Devices.

Aluminum nitride etching shield.

Aluminum Nitride evaporation Boat for OLED.

Used in the manufacture of plastics and resins. These materials usually have low thermal conductivity (less than 0.3W/mk). By adding aluminum nitride powder to plastics and resins, they produce thermally conductive potting compounds and pads with high thermal conductivity, usually higher than 10W/mk. They are also used for the packaging of various electronic components.

Radiator and radiator.

Steel and semiconductor manufacturing.

Electrical insulator.

Silicon wafer processing and processing.

As a crucible for the growth of gallium arsenide crystals.

Substrates and insulators used as microelectronic devices.

Electronic packaging substrate.

Chip carriers for sensors and detectors.

Laser thermal management module.

Used as a dielectric layer in optical storage media.

Molten metal fixture.

Microwave device packaging.

Optoelectronic

Aluminum nitride price

The price is influenced by many factors including the supply and demand in the market, industry trends, economic activity, market sentiment, and unexpected events.

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Aluminum nitride Supplier

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