What are the properties of zirconia ceramics?

Zirconia ceramics, zirconia ceramics, with high melting point and boiling point, high hardness, room temperature insulation, high temperature conductivity and other excellent properties.

Processing method and application of zirconia ceramics

The size and surface accuracy of zirconia ceramics are required to be very high, but due to the high sintering shrinkage, the size accuracy of sintered ceramics cannot be guaranteed, and they need to be processed after sintering. The follow-up processing of zirconia ceramic products has also become an indispensable and important work link in the information technology of special ceramic manufacturing. The processing of zirconia ceramics is carried out in the form of micro deformation accumulation or material removal at the processing point. The processing principle will be different when the relationship between the processing amount and the heterogeneity of the processed material, the internal defects of the material or the defects caused by the processing is different. The processing technology of zirconia ceramics is based on the performance design requirements of enterprise products. Different production processes have many different methods.

In fact, the production of zirconia ceramics requires the preparation of high-purity powders with good dispersion and narrow particle size distribution. The purification methods of zirconia mainly include chlorination thermal decomposition method, alkali metal oxidation decomposition method, lime melting method, plasma arc method, precipitation method, colloid method, hydrolysis method, spray pyrolysis method, etc. In the field of structural ceramics, zirconia thermal insulation ceramics are widely used for their high toughness, high bending strength, high wear resistance, excellent thermal insulation properties and thermal expansion coefficient similar to steel.

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What is zirconia ceramic?

Zirconia ZrO2 is the crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its color is white or black, and it is most common in monoclinic crystal structure. Zirconia is one of the most frequently studied materials.

Zirconia is a kind of ceramic material, which has many advanced mechanical properties, which makes it mainly suitable for a variety of medical devices, but it is also suitable for different industries of parts and products that need to be made of zirconia.

The question of whether zirconia is a ceramic arises because its structure contains metal atoms, similar to other types of ceramic materials. This enables zirconia to combine the high innate strength of metals with the biocompatibility of ceramics.

Common available grades of zirconia

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ)

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) is doped with yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as a stabilizer, which can enhance the internal grain structure and enhance the strength of the material by transforming the material from monoclinic to tetragonal. It is a kind of fine grain material with the highest bending strength of all ceramic materials. It has very high impact resistance and wear resistance, as well as low thermal conductivity, which usually makes it a suitable substitute for metal. The addition of yttrium oxide (Yttria) enables the material to be transformed and toughened, which is the reason for its high toughness. When the material is stressed, the crystal structure changes from tetragonal to monoclinic and becomes more dynamic, resulting in a 3-5% increase in highly localized volume. As the volume increases, the cracks are compressed, thus reducing their ability to grow and propagate to more cracks. This property explains the low sensitivity to stress fatigue and high bending strength of the material.

Magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (MSZ).

Zirconia doped with magnesium oxide (MgO) will also cause compression of the internal matrix, however, this structure is cubic. M-PSZ has better temperature and humidity resistance because it is not affected by phase migration. Even in the humid and high temperature environment where the mechanical properties of YSZ begin to deteriorate, M-PSZ can maintain its strength.

Zirconia Ceramics Properties

High density-up to 6.1g/cm3.

High bending strength and hardness.

Excellent fracture toughness-impact resistance.

The highest operating temperature is high.

Wear resistance.

Good friction performance.

Electrical insulator.

Low thermal conductivity-about. 10% alumina.

Acid and alkali corrosion resistance.

Similar to the elastic modulus of steel.

Coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of iron.

Zirconia Ceramics Uses

Wire forming / drawing die.

Insulating Ring in Heat treatment process.

Precision axles and axles in high wear environment.

Furnace process tube.

Wear-resistant pad.

Thermocouple protective tube.

Sandblasting nozzle.

Refractory material.

Extrusion die.

Bushing and cap.

Kiln furniture crucible.

Optical fiber bushing and bushing.

Knives and blades.

Fuel cell parts.

Bearings and rollers.

Welding nozzles and pins.

Laser parts.

Gas igniter.

Ceramic guide.

Oxygen sensor.

Medical and surgical components.

Mechanical seal.

Pumps, pistons and linings.

Processing of Zirconia ceramics

Zirconia ceramics can be processed into complex geometric shapes relatively easily in the form of raw blanks or biscuits. However, the sintering process required to completely densify the material will cause the main body to shrink by about 20%. This shrinkage means that it is impossible to maintain very strict tolerances during pre-sintering.

In order to achieve very strict tolerances, diamond tools must be used to process / grind completely sintered materials. In this process, a very accurate diamond coated tool / grinding wheel is used to grind off the material until the desired shape is formed. This can be a time-consuming and expensive process because of the inherent toughness and hardness of the material.

Zirconium dioxide Price

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Zirconium dioxide Supplier

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Active zinc oxide is a kind of zinc oxide which is activated on the surface of particles. Active zinc oxide is a kind of white or yellowish spherical fine powder with a density of 5.47g/cm3, melting point of 2073K. Insoluble water and alcohol, soluble in acid, alkali, ammonium chloride solution and ammonia, and can slowly absorb carbon dioxide and water to form zinc carbonate in air.

Active zinc oxide has the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area and high vulcanization activity, as well as non-toxicity, non-migration, fluorescence, piezoelectric and strong ability to absorb and scatter ultraviolet rays. It not only has the properties and uses of ordinary zinc oxide, but also has the properties of ultra-fine particles.

Active zinc oxide has many unique properties and wide application prospects. It is mainly used as raw materials in rubber, paint, printing and dyeing, feed, pharmaceutical, chemical and ceramic industries. Active zinc oxide is used as reinforcing agent, colorant, vulcanizing agent and compounding agent to increase thermal conductivity in rubber industry; its coloring power, hiding power, anticorrosion and luminescence are mainly used in coating industry; in printing and dyeing industry, it is used as anti-dyeing agent; in feed industry, it is used as feed additive. In addition, active zinc oxide is also used as raw material for the production of milky glass, zinc white oil and watercolor pigments, cosmetics and various zinc salts.

Active zinc oxide vs. Zinc oxide

The particle size of active zinc oxide is small, the particle size of ordinary zinc oxide is about 0.5 μ m, while that of active zinc oxide is about 0.05 μ m; their particle shapes are also different, ordinary zinc oxide particles are columnar or rod-shaped, while active zinc oxide particles are spherical; the specific surface area of active zinc oxide is large, the specific surface area of ordinary zinc oxide is 1~5m2/g, while the specific surface area of active zinc oxide is 35~55m2/g.

Preparation method of active Zinc oxide.

1. Alkaline reduction of organic compounds: alkaline reduction of waste zinc from organic compounds, washing with water, heating to high temperature, alone or mixed with a small amount of sulfur to produce active zinc oxide suitable for rubber fillers.

2. The method of entering carbon dioxide: add high-purity large particles of zinc oxide to an airtight container full of carbon dioxide containing water vapor. For example, zinc oxide prepared by wet method is kept above room temperature to convert zinc oxide into basic zinc carbonate. Then the active zinc oxide of about 0.05 μ m can be obtained by heating and decomposing.

3. Zinc oxalate decomposition method: the two solutions of oxalate and zinc chloride were heated to 70 ℃ respectively, and then zinc chloride was added to the oxalate solution to get very fine zinc oxalate precipitation, then washed and dried. Active zinc oxide was obtained by calcining 10min at 40 ℃.

4. Alkaline method:

(1) using the by-product of the production of insurance powder or other zinc and zinc ash as raw materials, using the "Beyer process" similar to the production of aluminum hydroxide to convert into active zinc oxide, the crude zinc raw material is pulped in sodium hydroxide to form sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2) solution. The solution is hydrolyzed to form zinc hydroxide precipitation, filtration, washing and calcination to obtain active zinc oxide.

(2) leaching zinc ash or zinc residue with dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, purifying the leaching solution, then reacting with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to pH7~11, and then preparing active zinc oxide from zinc hydroxide. Its specific surface area is 21m2/g and the price of the product is cheaper than that of dry process.

(3) 6.5m342% sodium hydroxide was added to the mixture containing 2000kg zinc, sodium 720kg nitrate (as oxidant) and 10m3, water within 2 hours. Zinc is completely dissolved at 90 ℃ for 8 h. Then the temperature is lowered to 30 ℃, carbon dioxide is added, precipitated zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide are filtered, dried and calcined to obtain active zinc oxide.

5. Add methanol and water glass method: dissolve zinc salt in water, mix with sodium hydroxide, add methanol, and then add industrial water glass (Na2SiO3). The resulting sediment is filtered, washed and dried. The active zinc oxide particles obtained are much finer than ordinary zinc oxide particles, and the vulcanization rate can be increased by 2 times when used in rubber.

6. The manufacturing method of active grade zinc with large specific decay area is as follows: zinc chloride or zinc sulfate is dissolved in methanol or acetone and fed with ammonia at about 0 ℃ to form zinc hydroxide precipitation, which is washed with methanol. The specific surface area of the obtained active zinc oxide reached 600m2/g by X-ray diffraction analysis.

7. Sodium carbonate method: a certain concentration of sodium carbonate solution is added to a certain concentration of zinc sulfate (or zinc chloride) solution to form basic zinc carbonate precipitation. Then active zinc oxide was obtained by filtering, washing, drying and burning satin at 450-650 ℃. The product active zinc oxide contains little carbon dioxide and about 1% moisture.

8. Nitrogen carbonate method: various zinc-containing raw materials are leached with dilute sulfuric acid. The prepared zinc sulfate solution is purified to remove iron, manganese and other impurities. The purified zinc sulfate solution reacts with cheap hydrogen carbonate and ammonia (a small amount) to form basic zinc carbonate precipitation. Then the active zinc oxide product is obtained by washing precipitation, drying and calcination. The bicarbonate used in the production method has the advantages of low price and low cost.

What is Active Zinc oxide used for?

1. Rubber industry.

Compared with ordinary zinc oxide, active zinc oxide can be used in some products when it is used as rubber accelerator. Because active zinc oxide is very fine, it is suitable for soft rubber products and latex products, especially transparent and translucent rubber. Active zinc oxide is also widely used as anti-softening agent in vulcanized products. It is also widely used in mechanical and transmission products and high elastic products with good aging properties. Active zinc oxide powder combined with thiamide accelerator can promote vulcanization. Active zinc oxide powder can be used as hardener and is not easy to deform during vulcanization.

In addition, active zinc oxide has the characteristics of fine grain, large specific surface area, easy to disperse in rubber and high activity, and can improve the setting property of vulcanized products. Therefore, in NR and most SR compounds, because active zinc oxide has strong activation effect, when the amount of active zinc oxide is reduced to 60% of that of ordinary zinc oxide, the curing rate, tensile strength and breaking permanent deformation of the compound remain unchanged. The elasticity, tear strength and aging resistance were improved. In addition, as an important roof surfactant in the curing system of tire compound, active zinc oxide can significantly increase the formation rate of cross-linking bonds and the degree of vulcanization, thus improving the physical properties. At the same time, it has the advantages of anti-aging, anti-friction and ignition, long service life, small dosage and so on.

2. Self-cleaning ceramics and antibacterial glass.

The glass with active zinc oxide can resist ultraviolet light, wear resistance, antibacterial and deodorization, and can be used as automobile glass and building glass. The UV protective layer of the glass is composed of active zinc oxide.

3. Ultraviolet absorbing material.

Adding active zinc oxide to cosmetics can not only shield ultraviolet rays from sunscreen, but also resist bacteria and deodorize.

4. Rheostat material.

The rheostat is obtained by using active zinc oxide as the main body, sintered with powder materials such as Bi2O3, and the rest of the materials are covered with zinc oxide particles.

Zinc oxide Price

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Zinc oxide Supplier

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What is zirconia?

Zirconium dioxide is the main oxide of zirconium, usually white odorless and tasteless crystal, insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.

It is chemically inactive, and has the properties of high melting point, high hardness, high refractive index and low thermal expansion coefficient, which makes it a very important high temperature resistant material and ceramic material.

In recent years, with the rapid development of lithium battery and the in-depth study of solid oxide fuel cell, the application potential of zirconia in battery has been continuously developed. it plays an important role in the electrolyte, electrode material and diaphragm material of the battery.

Electrolyte

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an efficient and clean energy conversion system, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel gas and oxidation gas into electrical energy, and has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, short start-up time, fast response speed, small size, low pollution, easy assembly and maintenance, etc., and is regarded as an efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly power generation technology after hydropower, thermal power generation and nuclear power generation.

The development and application of SOFC has become a research hotspot in the field of new materials and new energy.

In SOFC, the selection and preparation of electrolytes is one of the most important links.

SOFC requires electrolytes to have high ionic conductivity (≥ 0.1S/cm), low electron transfer number (< 10-3), chemical stability with electrode materials, oxygen and gas, thermodynamic stability in a wide range of temperature and oxygen partial pressure, matching with other battery modules in thermal expansion coefficient, good air tightness and suitable mechanical properties.

These performance requirements limit the selection of electrolyte materials, which are currently limited to oxide-based ceramic materials.

Cubic zirconia has good oxygen ion transport properties at high temperature and can be used as solid electrolyte in SOFC.

Zirconia-based electrolyte is a kind of high temperature electrolyte, and high operating temperature can easily cause some problems, such as electrode sintering, mutual diffusion of battery module materials at the interface, thermal expansion mismatch, rapid aging of performance and so on.

Reducing the thickness of the electrolyte can reduce the ohmic loss of the battery, so the use of zirconia-based electrolyte film is an effective way to reduce the battery operating temperature and maintain high performance.

Cathode material additive.

In recent years, nano-zirconia has been used as an additive in ternary materials such as nickel-cobalt lithium manganate Li (NiCoMn) O2, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganate (LiMn2O4) and other lithium battery cathode materials, which can significantly improve the cycle performance and rate performance of lithium batteries.

It is found that the discharge specific capacity of ZrO2-doped electrode materials increases obviously, which may be related to the smaller particle size of ZrO2-doped materials. When the particle size becomes smaller, it is easier to deintercalate the material in the process of charge and discharge, so the discharge specific capacity of the doped materials increases.

With the progress of charge and discharge, a certain amount of doped ion Zr4+ may migrate to the surface of the electrode and form a solid solution, which prevents the structure collapse caused by the change of anisotropic structure during charge and discharge. At the same time, the solid solution acts as a protective coating to prevent cobalt from dissolving into the electrolyte, so the material structure becomes very stable during the phase transition and the cycle stability is enhanced.

In addition, the addition of ZrO2 to the positive electrode of Ni-MH battery can restrain the decrease of positive capacity at high temperature, and with the increase of ZrO2 content, the high-temperature performance of the electrode is also improved, thus improving the charging efficiency of the battery at high temperature.

Diaphragm material

As an important component of lithium-ion battery, diaphragm accounts for about 30% of the cost of lithium-ion battery.

The main function of the diaphragm is to separate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and to insulate the electrons, so as to prevent the battery from short circuit caused by direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes or the occurrence of electron conduction.

Secondly, the diaphragm allows lithium ions to pass through freely to complete the charge and discharge of the battery.

Therefore, the diaphragm not only affects the discharge performance and capacity of the battery, but also has a close relationship with the safety performance of lithium-ion battery.

In addition, the diaphragm also has a self-closing effect, which can protect the battery to a certain extent from fire or explosion when the temperature rises and the current is too large.

Zirconia fiber can effectively improve the thermal stability of the diaphragm and the wettability of the electrolyte, and enhance the safety and discharge performance of the battery. 

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RBOSCHCO is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12 years experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials. The company export to many countries, such as USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania,Kenya,Egypt,Nigeria,Cameroon,Uganda,Turkey,Mexico,Azerbaijan,Belgium,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia,Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. As a leading nanotechnology development manufacturer, RBOSCHCO dominates the market. Our professional work team provides perfect solutions to help improve the efficiency of various industries, create value, and easily cope with various challenges. If you are looking for ZrO2 Powder, please send an email to: sales1@rboschco.com

What is Aluminum Nitride Ceramic?

Aluminum nitride AIN is famous for its high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation. It is a common ceramic material, which is used in all kinds of electrical equipment. In addition to the coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical insulation, aluminum nitride ceramics can resist the erosion of most molten metals, such as copper, lithium and aluminum.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a kind of non-oxide ceramic material which is basically composed of aluminum and nitrogen (Al-65.81%,N-34.19). The chemical formula is AlN. It is a solid nitride of aluminum with high thermal conductivity of up to 321 W and can be used as an excellent electrical insulator. The band gap of wurtzite phase of aluminum nitride is about 6 eV at room temperature. Because of these properties, this ceramic has been proved to be suitable for many applications, such as optoelectronics working at deep ultraviolet frequencies.

Aluminum nitride was first synthesized by F. Briegleb and A. Geuther in 1862. Ceramic materials mainly exist in the crystal structure of hexagonal wurtzite. However, it can also be used in metastable cubic sphalerite phase, which is mainly synthesized into thin films. It is predicted that the cubic phase of AlN can actually exhibit superconductivity under high pressure.

The polycrystalline structure of aluminum nitride (AlN) has high thermal conductivity, so it has electrical insulation properties. In terms of density, aluminum nitride is a covalent bond compound with a theoretical density of 3.26g/cm3.

Aluminum Nitride Ceramic Properties

High thermal conductivity (above 170W/mK). This is close to the values of BeO and SiC and is more than five times that of alumina (Al2O3).

Its thermal expansion coefficient is 4.5 * 10-6 ℃, which is the same as that of silicon (3.5-4 * 10-6 ℃).

It has good light transmission characteristics.

It's not toxic.

It has good electrical conductivity. The electrical properties of aluminum nitride include its dielectric constant, dielectric loss, bulk resistivity and dielectric strength-all of which make it an excellent insulating material.

Good mechanical properties: the mechanical properties of aluminum is also the reason why it is widely used in the industrial process. It has higher bending strength than alumina (Al2O3) and beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramics.

What are Aluminum Nitride Ceramics used in?

Aluminum nitride ceramics have been used in many fields because of their good properties including high thermal conductivity low permittivity and dielectric loss high insulation strength and remarkable plasma corrosion resistance. Some common applications of this material are:

Chip cooling and support.

Application of AlN Ceramic substrate (Ceramic Tray) in Semiconductor Devices.

Aluminum nitride etching shield.

Aluminum Nitride evaporation Boat for OLED.

Another important use case of aluminum nitride ceramics is the manufacture of plastics and resins. These materials usually have low thermal conductivity (less than 0.3W/mk). By adding aluminum nitride powder to plastics and resins, they produce thermally conductive potting compounds and pads with high thermal conductivity, usually higher than 10W/mk. They are also used for the packaging of various electronic components.

More and more researchers are studying the use of gallium nitride-based semiconductors to produce light-emitting diodes that work in the ultraviolet region. These studies show that it is possible to achieve wavelengths as short as 250 nm by using aluminum gallium nitride alloy.

Aluminum Nitride Ceramics Uses

Radiator and radiator.

Steel and semiconductor manufacturing.

Electrical insulator.

Silicon wafer processing and processing.

As a crucible for the growth of gallium arsenide crystals.

Substrates and insulators used as microelectronic devices.

Electronic packaging substrate.

Chip carriers for sensors and detectors.

Laser thermal management module.

Used as a dielectric layer in optical storage media.

Molten metal fixture.

Microwave device packaging.

Optoelectronic

Aluminum Nitride Price

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Aluminum Nitride Supplier

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What is Boron nitride?

Boron nitride is an advanced synthetic ceramic material. Boron is found in a large number of mineral ores-borax. Boron nitride is synthesized with nitrogen and has fire resistance. Boron nitride is sprayed in powder, solid, liquid and aerosol forms. In its solid form, boron nitride is often called "white graphite" because it has a microstructure similar to that of graphite. However, unlike graphite, boron nitride is an excellent electrical insulator with higher oxidation temperature. It has high thermal conductivity and good thermal shock resistance, and can be easily machined into precision tolerances of almost any shape. Boron nitride exists in polycrystalline form, and BN has developed into a very useful compound, which has found its use in a wide range of industries and applications.

Morphology of boron nitride.

Hexagonal: This form of boron nitride has the most applications because of its high lubrication, electrical conductivity and thermal stability.

Cubic: Cubic boron nitride has the same high resistivity and thermal conductivity as diamond. It does not dissolve in steel parts, so it is a good grinding material.

Amorphous: The amorphous state of boron nitride is comparable to amorphous carbon in structure and properties.

Atomic: Despite its ultra-thin properties, this BN polycrystalline has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, increased surface adsorption and good dielectric properties.

Nanotubes: As one of the recent developments, nanotube technology has been promoted with the use of boron nitride. The rolled-up form of hexagonal BN is structurally similar to carbon nanotubes. However, BN nanotubes have higher electrical insulation, better heat resistance and chemical resistance.

Boron Nitride Ceramics Properties.

Excellent machinability; (can be easily machined into any geometric shape).

Lubricity; (boron nitride can increase the friction coefficient of lubricating oil and reduce the possibility of wear.).

High resistivity; (excluding aerosols, paints and ZSBN).

Low density; (density ranges from 2.1 to 3.5 g/cm 3).

High thermal conductivity; (excellent thermal conductivity, very low thermal cycle behavior in use).

Anisotropy (the thermal conductivity of different planes is different relative to the pressing direction).

Corrosion resistance, good chemical inertia; (boron nitride is insoluble in common acids).

High temperature resistance; (the melting point of boron nitride is 2973 °C).

Non-wetting; (ceramic crucible used as molten glass and metal).

High dielectric breakdown strength (> 40 KV/mm).

Low permittivity. (Kend4).

What are Boron Nitride Ceramics used for?

Socket plate for high temperature furnace.

Molten glass and metal crucibles.

Electrical insulators for high temperature and high voltage.

Plasma chamber lining and fittings.

Nozzles for non-ferrous metals and alloys.

Thermocouple protective tube and sheath.

Laser bracket.

Plasma arc welding equipment, diffusion source wafers and semiconductor crystal growth equipment and processing equipment.

As a radiator in high-power electronic applications.

What is hexagonal boron nitride?

The crystal structure of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is similar to that of graphite, so it is known as "white graphite". It is a kind of excellent lubricant, usually white powder.

Hexagonal boron nitride is a good thermal conductor, electrical insulator, high chemical stability, low friction coefficient and excellent lubrication performance, especially at high temperature.

Why is hexagonal boron nitride used in makeup?

In the field of cosmetology, the efficiency and permeability of active substances entering the skin are directly related to the particle size, and the cosmetic particle size is very important, because the smaller particle diameter may increase the surface area and encapsulate the cosmetic active substances.

The size of synthesized particles can be controlled by hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomaterials. Hexagonal boron nitride has obvious advantages in cosmetics, especially sunscreen products, allowing nanostructures to be regulated at different stages of formation to control size and surface area, and it has excellent dispersion properties, non-toxic, transparent and chemically inert.

Boron nitride Price

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Boron nitride Supplier

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Silicon nitride is a kind of ceramic material with excellent thermal and chemical properties, which has high hardness, stable structure, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. TRUNNANO silicon nitride ceramic powder has high purity, high nitrogen content, narrow particle size distribution, high sintering activity, stable chemical composition, resistance to decomposition, high temperature oxidation resistance, especially high temperature strength, high hardness, good wear resistance, good heat resistance, impact resistance and self-lubricating effect. It forms fine dispersion phase in the composites, which greatly improves the comprehensive properties of the composites.

Silicon nitride Properties

High mechanical strength, hardness close to corundum, self-lubricating, wear resistance. The bending strength at room temperature can be as high as more than 980MPa, which can be compared with that of alloy steel, and the strength can be maintained until 1200 ℃.

It has good thermal stability, small coefficient of thermal expansion and good thermal conductivity, so the thermal shock resistance is very good, and the thermal shock from room temperature to 1000 ℃ will not crack.

It is chemically stable and can withstand the corrosion of almost all inorganic acids (except HF) and caustic soda (NaOH) solutions with concentrations below 30%. It can also withstand the erosion of many organic substances, does not wet a variety of non-ferrous metal melts (especially liquid aluminum), and can withstand intense radiation.

The density is low, the specific gravity is small, only the steel 2pg 5, the electrical insulation is good.

What is Silicon nitride used for?

Ceramic grade silicon nitride. Mainly used for making high performance silicon nitride ceramic structures, silicon nitride ceramic balls, silicon nitride targets, etc.

Photovoltaic grade silicon nitride with a purity of more than 99.99% can be used in fields such as crucible coating (release agent) and high performance nitride phosphors for polysilicon ingots.

The parts of thermal equipment such as crucible, muffle furnace, combustion nozzle, heater fixture, casting mold, liquid aluminum conduit, thermocouple temperature measuring protection sleeve, aluminum reduction cell lining and so on are made in metallurgical industry.

High-speed turning tools, bearings, supports for heat treatment of metal parts, rotor engine scraping blades, guide blades of gas turbines and turbine blades are made in the mechanical industry.

Ball valves, pump bodies, sealing rings, filters, heat exchanger components, immobilized catalyst carriers, combustion boats, evaporation dishes, etc., are made in the chemical industry.

In semiconductor, aviation, atomic energy and other industries, it is used to manufacture switching circuit substrates, thin film capacitors, electrical insulators withstanding high temperatures or drastic changes in temperature, radar radome, missile tail nozzles, supports and isolators in atomic reactors, carriers of nuclear fission material, etc.

Automotive industry:

The biggest application of silicon nitride is in the automotive industry, especially in various wear and combustion parts of reciprocating engines, in which high temperature stress is common. In diesel engines, silicon nitride is used in electric plugs (to speed up start-up time), precombustion chambers (to reduce emissions or act as silencers) and turbochargers (to reduce engine lag). Silicon nitride is also used in cam followers, tappet gaskets, precision shafts and shafts.

Bearing:

In high temperature applications, silicon nitride ceramic balls and roller bearings are superior to steel. This extends the life of the bearing at higher speeds because it has better corrosion resistance. Compared with steel, its higher elastic modulus indicates that it has higher rigidity, so it produces smooth motion and less vibration with the contact surface.

Metalworking:

Silicon nitride is also used in metal cutting tools for cast iron, hard steel and nickel-based alloys because of its hardness, fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance.

Industrial applications:

Used to deal with molten metal-metal parts are usually not suitable for handling molten metal. Welding fixtures / locators, nozzles, cylinder wall coatings, turbine rotors, blades, rocket pipes and missiles all use silicon nitride because of its strength, electrical properties and impact resistance. The application in aluminum casting industry also benefits from the good corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and thermal conductivity of silicon nitride. These include heating tubes, pump liners, risers and thermocouple protective jackets.

Development History of Silicon Nitride.

Silicon nitride Si3N4 is a non-metallic compound composed of silicon and nitrogen. It was first discovered in 1857. The first synthetic silicon nitride was developed by Deville and Wohler in 1859. Since its discovery, silicon nitride has been the curiosity of academia. For nearly a century, until the 1950s, commercial interests began to increase, and materials were developed for a variety of refractory applications. Significant advances in manufacturing processes between the 1970s and 1980s reduced the production cost of the compound and silicon nitride quickly gained a foothold in many industrial applications especially as structural ceramics. Also in the 1980s, global efforts began to expand the use of silicon nitride in internal combustion engines and high-temperature gas turbines. Over the years, with the further improvement of its synthesis, processing and properties, it has become one of the most studied ceramics in history. Due to the good research and understanding of its material properties, the commercial use of silicon nitride has been greatly expanded in recent years.

Silicon nitride Price

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Silicon nitride Supplier

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Alumina belongs to the rhombohedral system with a melting point of 2054 ℃ and a boiling point of 2980 ℃. Due to the difference of steam partial pressure, temperature and pressure, there are many kinds of Al2O3 isomorphs before Al (OH) 3 is completely dehydrated to α-Al2O3 at high temperature. It is reported that there are 12 kinds of crystal structures, such as α, β, γ, η, δ, κ, θ, and ρ, the most common of which are α, β and γ. Their density, specific surface area, porosity and acidity vary due to different dehydration conditions and initial aluminum hydroxide.

α-Al2O3 is a rhombohedral system, also known as corundum. The O _ 2-in its Al2O3 crystal is packed closely in hexagonal, while the smaller particle spacing makes the crystal firm and stable. Among all the alumina, α-Al2O3 has the highest density and the most stable crystal phase. Its density is related to impurities and remains about 3.99g/cm3. α-Al2O3 is mainly found in rubies, sapphires and natural corundum. Although the activity of α-Al2O3 is low, it has excellent properties such as high hardness, high strength, wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and good dielectric properties, so it is widely used in refractories and ceramics.

As a kind of alkaline aluminate, the density of β-Al2O3 is about 3.30g/cm3. The stability of β-Al2O3 is poor, and α-Al2O3 and Na2O will be decomposed from it after heating. The interior of Na- β-Al2O3 crystal has a layered structure. Na+ can move and ion exchange freely between layers, so that it has relaxation polarization and ionic conductivity, while Na+ can not be diffused parallel to the C-axis, so that it has no conductivity in the parallel C-axis direction. Using this property, β-Al2O3 can be used as a diaphragm material in sodium-sulfur battery, and widely used in electronic, medical, mechanical and other fields.

As a transition phase Al2O3, the density of γ-Al2O3 is about 3.42g/cm3. The O2-in γ-Al2O3 crystal structure is distributed at the vertex of cubic lattice, which is closely packed as cubic, and Al3+ is distributed in the packing gap of O2 -. γ-Al2O3 has strong loose adsorption, easy to absorb water and can be dissolved by acid and alkali. Its large specific surface area makes it have high surface energy and high activity. At the same time, γ-Al2O3 will be transformed into stable α-Al2O3 with the increase of temperature, and its volume density increases and volume shrinks at the same time, about 14.3%. The conversion rate and degree of conversion depend on the purity of alumina, preparation conditions and particle size.

Aluminum oxide properties

Temperature stability.

Alumina has extremely high temperature stability and can withstand atmospheric temperatures of 2900 degrees Fahrenheit or 1650 degrees Celsius and vacuum temperatures of up to 3000 degrees Fahrenheit or 2000 degrees Celsius. Parts made of alumina maintain 50% of their room temperature tensile strength at 1000 ℃.

Wear resistance.

Wear is the behavior of friction and wear material, changing its structure and reducing its applicability under the required conditions. Alumina has a very high hardness, making it very resistant to wear and other types of mechanical wear. This means that parts and components made of alumina will maintain their desired performance and shape for longer.

Chemical resistance.

Alumina is chemically inert and unreactive, which means that it is highly tolerant to different types of chemicals, including bases and acids. Alumina does not cause surface and structural damage due to exposure to salt and solvent solutions at high temperatures, which further prolongs the durability and life of different parts.

Density.

Alumina is composed of fine particles with no voids in the material. the less the voids, the higher the density and volume. The density of alumina is different at different temperatures, and the standard density is 3.965g/cm3 at 25 ℃.

Mechanical properties.

The mechanical properties of materials are related to their strength, which refers to the strain and stress that the material can withstand before fracture. Alumina has a very high strength, only a higher purity can be further improved.

Dielectric and thermal properties.

Alumina is very suitable for insulation because it prevents current from passing through it. In addition, it is very resistant to thermal shock, which is also one of the characteristics of this technical ceramic, which is further improved with the improvement of purity.

Hardness.

Hardness refers to the ability of a material to withstand mechanical wear and wear. In this respect, alumina is harder than tungsten carbide and steel tools. It has the hardness of HRA80-90, which only diamonds can surpass.

Aluminum oxide Uses

Alumina has excellent physical and chemical properties, so it is widely used in ceramics, abrasives, refractories, petrochemical and many other fields. In order to meet the needs of different industries, alumina with different particle size, specific surface area and shape can be obtained by special treatment of Al (OH) 3 or γ-Al2O3, such as roasting, grinding, hydraulic separation and so on. For ultra-fine active alumina (γ-Al2O3 or η-Al2O3), it is generally used as adsorbent or catalyst carrier; columnar or spherical alumina is usually used as carrier or ceramic membrane filter; high temperature series alumina is mainly prepared by calcination of industrial alumina with co-solvent and is generally used in ceramics and refractories; polished alumina is mainly used in glass, metal and non-oxide ceramics firing aids.

Aluminum oxide Price

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Aluminum oxide Supplier

RBOSCHCO is a trusted global chemical material supplier&manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and nanomaterials. The company export to many countries including the USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, etc.

As a leading nanotechnology development manufacturer, RBOSCHCO dominates the market. Our professional work team provides perfect solutions to help improve the efficiency of various industries, create value, and easily cope with various challenges.

If you are looking for al2o3 powder, please send an email. (sales1@rboschco.com)